Partial Dissociative Identity Disorder/部分的分离性身份识别障碍

其他形式P-DID, partial-DID
起源精神病学术语

部分的分离性身份识别障碍(Partial Dissociative Identity Disorder)是一种与分离性身份识别障碍相似的分离性障碍,但很少表现出通常意义上的的“切换”。它被定义为有一个支配性的主导和一个或多个非支配性意识体,这些非支配性意识体会影响主导或与他们共同思考。这被描述为对主导的入侵,这些入侵可能是无规律的发生在情绪激动的时候,也可能是频繁的,它可能会改变他们的行为、自我感知、认知、运动功能等。[1]

该分类的原始描述

Partial dissociative identity disorder is characterized by disruption of identity in which there are two or more distinct personality states (dissociative identities) associated with marked discontinuities in the sense of self and agency. Each personality state includes its own pattern of experiencing, perceiving, conceiving, and relating to self, the body, and the environment. One personality state is dominant and normally functions in daily life, but is intruded upon by one or more non-dominant personality states (dissociative intrusions). These intrusions may be cognitive, affective, perceptual, motor, or behavioral. They are experienced as interfering with the functioning of the dominant personality state and are typically aversive. The non-dominant personality states do not recurrently take executive control of the individual’s consciousness and functioning, but there may be occasional, limited and transient episodes in which a distinct personality state assumes executive control to engage in circumscribed behaviors, such as in response to extreme emotional states or during episodes of self-harm or the re-enactment of traumatic memories.[2]

对原始描述的直接翻译

部分性解离性身份障碍以身份的紊乱和自我感与控制力的显著不连续性为特征,其中有两个或更多明显不同的人格状态(解离身份)。每个人格状态都包含其自身的体验、感知、构想和与自我。其中一个人格是主导的,并在日常生活中正常运作,但会受到一个或多个非主导人格的干扰(解离性侵入)。这些干扰可能是认知、情感、知觉、运动或行为上的。它们被描述为为对主导人格状态的功能造成干扰,并通常厌恶主导人格。非主导人格状态并不会经常性地控制个体的意识和功能,但偶尔会发生有限和短暂的情况,其中一个人格承担起控制权,进行极端行为,例如在极端情绪状态下自伤或创伤记忆发作。

历史

部分的分离性身份识别障碍出现在 ICD-11 中,但尚未进入 DSM 。目前尚不清楚负责编制 DSM 的美国精神病学协会是否正在考虑将其添加到手册中,但可能性不大,因为该定义已经属于其他特定分离性障碍和未指定分离性障碍

相关术语

部分DID系统可能会将自己描述为 “moneotien"、或 “frontstuck”。

在这些系统中,很少发生完全丧失意识的情况,情绪性健忘和部分失忆更为常见。

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